CHOWN(8) System Manager's Manual CHOWN(8)
NAME
chownchange file owner and group
SYNOPSIS
chown
[-R [-H | -L | -P]] [-fhv] owner[:group] file ...
chown
[-R [-H | -L | -P]] [-fhv] :group file ...
DESCRIPTION
chown sets the user ID and/or the group ID of the specified files.
 
The options are as follows:
-H
If the -R option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed. (Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.)
-L
If the -R option is specified, all symbolic links are followed.
-P
If the -R option is specified, no symbolic links are followed.
-R
Change the user ID and/or the group ID for the file hierarchies rooted in the files instead of just the files themselves.
-f
Don't report any failure to change file owner or group, nor modify the exit status to reflect such failures.
-h
If file is a symbolic link, the owner and/or group of the link is changed.
-v
Cause chown to be verbose, showing files as they are processed.
 
The -H, -L and -P options are ignored unless the -R option is specified. In addition, these options override each other and the command's actions are determined by the last one specified.
 
The -L option cannot be used together with the -h option.
 
The owner and group operands are both optional, however, one must be specified. If the group operand is specified, it must be preceded by a colon (``:'') character.
 
The owner may be either a user name or a numeric user ID. The group may be either a group name or a numeric group ID. Since it is valid to have a user or group name that is numeric (and doesn't have the numeric ID that matches its name) the name lookup is always done first. Preceding an ID with a ``#'' character will force it to be taken as a number.
 
The ownership of a file may only be altered by a super-user for obvious security reasons.
 
Unless invoked by the super-user, chown clears the set-user-id and set-group-id bits on a file to prevent accidental or mischievous creation of set-user-id and set-group-id programs.
 
The chown utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.
COMPATIBILITY
Previous versions of the chown utility used the dot (``.'') character to distinguish the group name. This has been changed to be a colon (``:'') character so that user and group names may contain the dot character.
SEE ALSO
STANDARDS
The chown command is expected to be POSIX 1003.2 compliant.
 
The -v option and the use of ``#'' to force a numeric lookup are extensions to IEEE Std 1003.2 (“POSIX.2”).